环境治理 Environment harnessing

　　环境防治是通过对环境的治理，改造及改善人类居住条件和不良习惯，同时也根据害虫的种类结合害虫的生态与生活习性、栖息性为基础，采取防与治兼顾，是治本措施。环境防治的目的是从根本上消除害虫孳生，有效的针对害虫的孳生源、食源与栖息地控制害虫的孳生与繁殖，减少人类与媒介的接触而避免其直接与间接的侵害。它不但对除害灭病有重要意义，且对经济的发展、工作环境、生活素质的提高有重要意义。

　　Environment harnessing aims to improve people's living conditions and bad habits. It attaches equal importance to prevention and control based on species of pests, ecological and biological habits and inhabiting habits, thus is a measure to tackle root problems. The purpose for environment prevention and control is to terminate the propagation of pests through effective control on breeding source, food source and habitat for pests and reduce the possibility of contacting the carrier of disease so as to avoid direct and indirect harms. It is of great importance to annihilation of pests, as well as to economic development, working environment and improvement of quality of living.

　　（1）孳生物的清除

　　①对每日所产生的害虫孳生物质，无论是各种粪便（人、畜、兽等）、垃圾以及废弃物等均应建立消除管理制度，做到及时收集、外运、处理，达到日产日清，无害化处理（如卫生填埋、生物发酵、焚烧等），经过处理使之不孳生害虫；

　　Clean up the breeding grounds 　　

　　Management system should be established for cleaning up the breeding grounds for pests generated each day, including excrements (of human, livestock and beasts, etc.), rubbish and wastes. They should be promptly collected, carried away and processed everyday. After innocent treatment on them (including sanitary landfill, bio-fermentation and incineration, etc.), pest will not propagate there.

　　②处理粪便。一是普及水冲式三格化粪池无害化厕所，粪池盖要密封，杜绝害虫孳生；二是农业生产使用的人、畜、禽类粪便要经过密封发酵处理，不用新鲜粪便施肥；三是城市种花不用未经发酵处理的有机物施肥； 　　

　　Disposal of excrement. First, to popularize water-flush non-harm toilet with three septic tanks. The septic tanks should be sealed to prevent propagation of pests. Second, the excrements of human, livestock and beasts for agricultural use should be sealed for fermentation treatment. New excrements should not be used for fermentation. Three, unfermented organisms should not be applied to flower in cities.

　　③处理好有机废料。一切的废弃物，必须设容器收集，及时清理，并作卫生处理，防止害虫孳生。 　　

　　Proper disposal of organic wastes. All wastes should be collected, cleared away and treated promptly to prevent propagation of pests.

　　（2）堵绝害虫入侵途径

　　①对沟改用铁网覆盖、门、窗缝隙不足于让害虫进入、管道出入口用铁皮或水泥封口、沙井设防蚊灭蚊装置、下水道口用铁网封口、房间内所有孔洞采用水泥堵塞等，健全防止害虫侵入的设施，防止害虫入侵；

　　Block the in-break of pests 　　

　　Ditches should be covered with wire net; the slots of doors and windows shall be narrow enough to prevent the entry of pests; the inlet and outlet of pipe lines should be sealed with sheet iron or cement; sand drains should be equipped with mosquito prevention and extermination facilities; sewer pipe-lines shall be sealed with wire net; all holes in the room should be blocked with cement; Facilities to block the in-break of pests should be perfected to achieve proper effect.

　　②完善排水系统，畅通而不堵塞； To improve drainage system and ensure free flow.

　　③阳沟改暗沟； Open ditch should be rebuilt into blind ditch.

　　④下水道必须定期疏通、清理等； Sewage pipe should be regularly dredged and cleaned.

　　⑤实现道路硬底化，人人养成不随地抛弃垃圾、不随地便溺的习惯，保持室内、外环境清洁； 　　

　　Road should be built with hard ground. Everyone should cultivate good sanitation habits so as to keep the environment clean.

　　（3）减少栖息、繁殖场所

　　隐藏栖息是害虫生存和繁衍后代不可缺少的重要条件。杂乱、肮脏的环境，各类积水和食品库、下水道、天花板、床底板、柜子等都是其栖息、繁殖的主要场所。为此，清洁环境，清除杂物，堵塞缝隙，覆盖污水沟，处理各种积水（如：填平坑洼、翻倒积水、定期更换盆、罐、瓶存水等），使用水冲式三格化粪池，在建筑物内、外安装防鼠、灭蝇、蚊、蟑螂等设施都可以减少害虫栖息、繁殖的场所；

　　To reduce grounds for habitat and propagation of pests

　　Hidden habitat is a pre-requisite for existence and propagation of pests. The major grounds for habitat and propagation of pests include disordered and dirty environment, puddles, foodstuff warehouses, sewage pipes, ceilings, bed trays and lockers, etc. Therefore, efforts should be made to clean the environment, clear away rubbish, block crevices, cover sewage ditches, deal with water logs (For example, filling the low spot, clearing the water accumulated, and changing basins, cans and bottle containers regularly), use water-flush non-harm toilet, install facilities for prevent mice, flies, mosquitoes and cockroaches inside and outside buildings so as to reduce grounds for habitat and propagation of pests.

　　（4）食源、水源是害虫生存的必需条件

　　食物越丰富、质量越高，害虫生育繁殖越快，反之，生育繁殖越慢。在食源、水源缺乏的情况下，害虫吃不饱，不仅繁殖慢，而且由于营养不良，体质减弱而会导致死亡或容易被天敌抓住。所以，断绝食源，可以减少害虫的生长繁殖.

　　Food and water supply is a pre-requisite for existence of pests 　　

　　With larger quantity and higher quality of food, pests will reproduce faster; Otherwise, their reproduction will be slowed down. Besides, when pests are short of food and water supply, they will suffer from malnutrition and decline of health, which may lead to death or capture by their natural enemies. Therefore, to cut-off the food supply can restrain the reproduction of pests.